Open Source vs Traditional Development Essays -- Essays Papers

Open Source vs Traditional Development In the world of technology today there is room for everyone at every level of expertise. From our identified Gurus, to the just bought their first computer newbie. Home computers are sometimes almost to easy to use. The old saying "just enough rope to hang yourself" comes to mind. Settings that modify the very way the system looks, and runs can be changed with the simple click of the mouse. This power, which has been given to every level of user, is not from training, but from improvements and advancements in the system, and application software on the computer. This software is in a constant state of development, improving on current features and adding new ones. Out of this regular and consistent update in technology have grown many theories and Ideas on how software should be developed and controlled. From corporate America, to college campuses everyone has an idea from one extreme to the other. On one side the belief all software should be free and open to all, and the other protecting software secrets like a rabid guard dog. Of course, both sides believe the other is a fanatic with a complete lack of sense. The real dividing line is not actually the control and distribution of the software itself, but the blueprint or source code that creates it. That source code is the human readable text that defines what the software does, and looks like. From that a compiler converts it to a form used by the computer know as machine code. In this compiled format it appears to be complete garbage to the average person, even to most people considered to be computer professionals or gurus. Most software--at least on the traditional side--is distributed in its compiled form. The original intent of compiling was not to protect the source code, but this has been one benefit to the software developers. Since a computer can not read the source code, a program is complied to allow it to run on similar type of hardware without the requirement of special software to interpret it into machine code. The traditional and most common form of source code control today uses copyrights and the judicial system to protect it. Companies like Microsoft vigilantly protect their vital copyrighted assets by utilizing the court systems any time it feels a threat from an outside source. An alternate form of source code co... ...continue to embrace the OSS movement it will in itself create an industry with more competition, a higher level of standards, and more consumer choice. Closed software has proven to close the market and allow it to be controlled by a single monopoly. The monopolistic technology environment of today has created bloated applications and a complete void of choice for consumers. Bibliography: Stallman, Richard (1998), Linux and the GNU Project. In Free Software Foundation: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://www.fsf.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html Cooper, Charles (Friday, November 5, 1999), Microsoft judged a monopoly. In ZDNET: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://macweek.zdnet.com/1999/10/31/monopoly.html Open Resources (1999-06-17), Apache. In Open Resources/The Free Source: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.openresources.com/documents/halloween-1/node10.html OSI –Open Source Intiative- (2000), Introduction to Open Source. In opensource.org: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.opensource.org/intro.html Steven, Eric (08/24/2000), Cathedral and the Bazaar/Section 1. In Cathedral and the Bazaar: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ Open Source vs Traditional Development Essays -- Essays Papers Open Source vs Traditional Development In the world of technology today there is room for everyone at every level of expertise. From our identified Gurus, to the just bought their first computer newbie. Home computers are sometimes almost to easy to use. The old saying "just enough rope to hang yourself" comes to mind. Settings that modify the very way the system looks, and runs can be changed with the simple click of the mouse. This power, which has been given to every level of user, is not from training, but from improvements and advancements in the system, and application software on the computer. This software is in a constant state of development, improving on current features and adding new ones. Out of this regular and consistent update in technology have grown many theories and Ideas on how software should be developed and controlled. From corporate America, to college campuses everyone has an idea from one extreme to the other. On one side the belief all software should be free and open to all, and the other protecting software secrets like a rabid guard dog. Of course, both sides believe the other is a fanatic with a complete lack of sense. The real dividing line is not actually the control and distribution of the software itself, but the blueprint or source code that creates it. That source code is the human readable text that defines what the software does, and looks like. From that a compiler converts it to a form used by the computer know as machine code. In this compiled format it appears to be complete garbage to the average person, even to most people considered to be computer professionals or gurus. Most software--at least on the traditional side--is distributed in its compiled form. The original intent of compiling was not to protect the source code, but this has been one benefit to the software developers. Since a computer can not read the source code, a program is complied to allow it to run on similar type of hardware without the requirement of special software to interpret it into machine code. The traditional and most common form of source code control today uses copyrights and the judicial system to protect it. Companies like Microsoft vigilantly protect their vital copyrighted assets by utilizing the court systems any time it feels a threat from an outside source. An alternate form of source code co... ...continue to embrace the OSS movement it will in itself create an industry with more competition, a higher level of standards, and more consumer choice. Closed software has proven to close the market and allow it to be controlled by a single monopoly. The monopolistic technology environment of today has created bloated applications and a complete void of choice for consumers. Bibliography: Stallman, Richard (1998), Linux and the GNU Project. In Free Software Foundation: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://www.fsf.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html Cooper, Charles (Friday, November 5, 1999), Microsoft judged a monopoly. In ZDNET: [On-Line]. Avaialble: http://macweek.zdnet.com/1999/10/31/monopoly.html Open Resources (1999-06-17), Apache. In Open Resources/The Free Source: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.openresources.com/documents/halloween-1/node10.html OSI –Open Source Intiative- (2000), Introduction to Open Source. In opensource.org: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.opensource.org/intro.html Steven, Eric (08/24/2000), Cathedral and the Bazaar/Section 1. In Cathedral and the Bazaar: [On-Line]. Available: http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/

Cultural Assessment – Nursing

Cultural Assessment The population of the United States is continually rising. The birth rate continues to rise, but more importantly, the number of foreign-born immigrants that relocated to the United States in 2003 was a staggering 33. 5 million, and that number rises every year (Jarvis, 2008). With such a large immigrant population comes the need for medical professionals that are culturally competent.Being culturally competent means that the caregivers, â€Å"understand and attend to the total context of the individual’s situation, including awareness of immigration status, stress factors, other social factors, and cultural similarities and differences† (Jarvis, 2008, p. 38). Because the United States is so diverse, it is a federal law that all caregivers must be culturally competent. It should be noted, however, that is not something that can be accomplished so easily. It is a process that can take a lifetime. To become culturally competent one must have knowledge in several areas.These include, but are not limited to, knowing one’s own personal heritage, the heritage of the nursing profession, the heritage of the health care system, and the heritage of the patient (Jarvis, 2008). When performing a cultural assessment of an individual one must take into account five important aspects of the individual’s heritage. These aspects will give the nurse an idea of the patient’s heritage consistency. First, is the individual’s culture. Everyone has a culture. There are four basic characteristics of culture. First, it is learned; from birth one is learning the language and socialization of that culture.Second, it is shared. All the members of the same group share that culture. Third, it is adapted. Culture adapts to environmental and technical factors, as well as the groups availability to natural resources. Finally, it is dynamic. Meaning, it is always changing (Jarvis, 2008). The second aspect of one’s heritage is ethnicity. This is a group within the social system that have a common geographical origin, race, religion, values, traditions and food preferences. The term ethnic is tricky in the United States (US) because of how large the US is, and the large diversity of ethnic differences it has.Religion is the third aspect of one’s heritage. Religion is extremely important because an individual’s religious beliefs play a huge part in one’s health-related behaviors and how someone perceives illness and death. There are roughly 1500 different religions in the United States which is why this aspect is so important when performing an individual’s cultural assessment (Jarvis, 2008). The fourth aspect of one’s heritage is socialization. When someone is raised in a specific culture, the person naturally acquires the characteristics of that group.Many people in the United States are bicultural, acquiring certain customs and traditions of the United States while stay ing loyal to their traditional culture as best they can. Time orientation is the fifth and final aspect of one’s heritage. Every culture has a different understanding of each other’s perception of time. Depending on the individual’s heritage, that person may focus on the past, the present, the future, or a combination of the three. It is important for the nurse to recognize the individual’s perception of time to gain a better understanding of how to individualize a plan of care.To gain a better understanding of cultural assessment and how it relates to health care and being culturally competent, a sit down interview was performed with an 84 year old female of German-American heritage, who believes that any belief or view differing greatly from hers are strange, and usually wrong (Riley, 2008). In order to preserve her right to privacy, she will be referred to as G. E. Heritage Assessment Cultural Group G. E. is 84 years old and was born and raised in the United States. She considers herself an American who is extremely proud of her German heritage. She is 100% of German decent.She had one older sister who is deceased. Her immediate family was all born in rural Illinois. Her father built a house in Coal Valley, IL when she was very young, where she lived until she was married at the age of 18. Her paternal grandparents were both born in Germany. It is unknown what city or village in Germany they came from, other than the northern part of Germany. They immigrated to the United States shortly before her father was born. She remembers her grandparents speaking little to no English, then, eventually broken English. Her father spoke English as a first language and some German. Her mother, her sister and she ever learned the German language. English was the only language spoken in the home. Her father was a coal miner and her mother took care of the home. In her culture, each generation lived in separate homes, whereas in some cultures, mu ltiple generations live in the same household. However, her grandparents and extended family members did live nearby, so she spent a lot of time playing with her cousins, and saw her grandparents, aunts and uncles on a regular basis. They would all get together on Sundays after church, and have lunch together. She lived at home until she married at the age of 18. G. E. ent to public schools, then to secretary school after graduation. Her husband was also 100% of German decent. They had two sons and a daughter. Both of her sons live close by, but her daughter lives in Nebraska. Her daughter and she talk on the phone every day. Her husband was in the US Navy during WWII and her husband and she were very patriotic. Like she has stated earlier, she is an American. Other than that, she did not know much about the war or Hitler or just did not remember. What she did remember when asked about this subject was the fact that a few of her husbands’ ancestors were drivers for Hitler dur ing his reign.Ethnic Group G. E. ’s ethnicity focuses around her family and church. Even though her father’s parents were born in Germany, there is no indication that they were passing down many values, traditions, or food preferences to the new generations. By all accounts, they wanted to completely immerse themselves into the American way of life. The only German recipes that were passed down to her were for sauerkraut, German pigs-in-a-blanket, which included sauerkraut, and German potato salad. Her family also eats a lot of beef, pork, and chicken. Potatoes are also a staple of her diet.For many years, G. E. and her husband would grow a big garden and produced enough vegetables for the entire winter months. Traditions are very important to G. E. For many years her family would come to her house after church for Sunday lunch and also for Thanksgiving. The day after Thanksgiving the grandchildren would come over to decorate the Christmas tree. She still has her famil y over every Christmas Eve. She says she does not cook a meal anymore, she orders a meat and cheese tray, and makes some side dishes. The other family members bring over the desserts.She also used to have a birthday party for her children and grandchildren. She baked a cake and the family would come over and eat dinner. The birthday person got to pick the dinner, and would then open presents. Her grandchildren bring her great-grandchildren to see her at least once a month. She says she enjoys it when they come to visit. She really enjoys seeing the great-grandchildren. She says that it makes her feel proud. Religious Group Religion is the most important aspect of G. E. ’s life besides her family, and always has been. G. E. and her family are Protestants.Knowing that most of her ancestors came from the northern part of Germany, this is interesting because in Germany, Protestantism is practiced predominantly in northern Germany (Fuller & Vossmeyer, 2004), which is where her anc estors lived. This is proof that their religion has been passed down through the generations and still continues to be practiced. Her husband and his family, who are all deceased now, shared the same ethnic and religious background as her family. She regularly attends a Presbyterian church at least once a week and is a very active member of the church.Her husband would fill in as pastor when the regular pastor could not. She practices her religion in her home every day by praying and reading the Bible. G. E. celebrates all of the holidays of her religion which are Easter, Thanksgiving, and Christmas with her family. She states that her religion has no influence on her diet or health practices. G. E. believes in heaven and hell, which is common to many German religions (Fuller & Vossmeyer, 2004). She insists that younger family members who do not go to church attend church with her at least once a year. She does not like the fact that her other family members do not attend church.She feels in order to get into heaven one has to attend church occasionally. Social Group Most, but not all, of her friends share the same ethnic and religious background. She also has a few Hispanic friends whom she enjoys spending time. She still lives in her home in the same neighborhood in which she has lived for over 50 years. The neighborhood is located close to the church and most of her neighbors are close in age. Most of them attend the same church and are of the same ethnic background. She has always had a very active social life which can contribute to her excellent health.She goes to a senior activities hall twice a week to play bingo and has a swimming class twice a week to exercise and socialize with friends. She goes to have her hair done every Saturday which she has done for many years. She regularly goes out to lunch and to watch a movie with friends once or twice a month and is on the phone a lot with family and friends. She made sure to mention is that she absolutely does not like to travel and has never been outside of the United States. When her children were young they would take camping trips to Wisconsin and Minnesota. That was pretty much the extent of her travels.As a result, her sons do not like to travel much either but her daughter enjoys traveling. Her daughter has been to many countries and G. E. does not understand why she enjoys it so much. Time Orientation G. E. ’s time orientation focuses on the present and the future with little to no focus on the past. She feels at her age, focusing on the past is a waste of time. She says, â€Å"I just move on† (G. E. 2011). She does not like to dwell on the past. She says, â€Å"what’s done is done†. Although she misses her husband very much she believes she will meet up with him in heaven one day. She enjoys the thought of that.She does not think of health care in terms of the past either. She follows her doctor’s advice and is open to new treatments and m edications. This is another reason she is in excellent health for an 84 year old woman. She does not like the thought of a doctor not knowing the latest in medical technology and treatments. She also is not bothered if health care personnel are not culturally sensitive to her heritage since she sees herself as an American who is proud of her German heritage. G. E. is uncomfortable with doctors who are not Caucasian. She also does not like to be cared for by male nurses or other male caregivers who are not doctors.Health Related Beliefs and Practices G. E. has health insurance and Medicare, so she is able to see the doctor on a regular basis. Lack of insurance coverage is not a factor for her. She never goes without her medication because of lack of prescription coverage. Also, with the money she and her husband saved over the years, plus both of their retirement packages and social security benefits, she lives comfortably and does not have to worry about not having enough money to l ive out the rest of her life in the lifestyle she leads. Developmental Situation G. E. remembers things her mother did when G.E. was a child to maintain and protect her health. She had to wash her hands regularly, especially before and after meals and after using the bathroom. She always had three meals a day which consisted of foods from all of the food groups. In the winter she could not go outside until she was bundled up. When she did get sick, she had to stay home in bed until her mother thought she was feeling better. This was solely the job of her mother since her father worked long hours in the coal mines. She states that her mother was the stereotypical strict, but loving, German mother.When she started her own family, she ran her home in the same manner. She was raised during the Great Depression and was raised to be hard working and to appreciate what one has, which G. E. has instilled in her children. G. E. is accomplishing all the developmental tasks of her age group an d has successfully resolved Erickson’s last ego stage, which is the psychological conflict of ego integrity versus despair. In this stage, â€Å"resolution to this final conflict occurs when the adult accepts one’s one and only life cycle as something that had to be and that, by necessity, permitted of no substitutions† (Jarvis, 2008, p. 8). Causes of Illness G. E. describes illness as not being able to do the things she normally does and she defines health as having no aches or pains. She rates her health as good to excellent for a woman of her age. She has never smoked, however, her husband smoked a pipe for years. She does not use any devices to help her get around and she still goes up and down the stairs to do laundry. She states she has fallen a few times but has never broken a bone as a result, and was able to get back up on her own. She has never been hospitalized as a result of an illness, only for an occasional elective surgery.What she believe causes illness are environmental change, God’s punishment, grief and loss, stress and anxiety, incorrect food combinations, poor eating habits, smoking, inactivity, and viruses and bacteria. Cultural Practices in Healing and Health She maintains and protects her health by washing her hands regularly, taking her prescribed medications, staying active, eating a well-balanced diet based on the food pyramid, taking vitamin supplements, seeing her doctors regularly, staying inside when it is too hot or too cold, avoids people who are sick, and does not take on more than she thinks she can handle.When she does get sick she does not make a big deal out of it and does not feel the need to worry family members. She stays at home because she fears getting others sick as well, especially her great-grandchildren. She takes care of herself by getting enough rest, keeping herself hydrated, not eating certain foods she knows will make her feel worse, taking needed medications, and calling her doct or when she feels she needs to be seen. When G. E. feels she needs some lab work done, other tests, or has any concerns, she immediately calls her doctor. She trusts in her doctor’s advice and always follows his or her orders.It is because of all of this, she believes she is still living an active and healthy life. G. E. is also extremely concerned with the health and well-being of her family. When her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren are sick, she worries about them and calls them regularly to check on them. She also prays for them to get well. Cultural Expressions of Illness G. E. does whatever her doctor suggests and does not believe he would do anything to jeopardize her health. However, as far as family and friends go, she will not outwardly express indications of pain.She states that it is because she does not want people to worry about her. G. E. believes this is due to her strict German up-bringing and growing up during the Great Depression. She believe s one can never work too hard, so pain is seen as a weakness to her. The more she expresses pain or illness, the weaker she is seen, and possibly unable to effectively take good care of herself. Alternative assisted living is not an option G. E. needs at this point. G. E. feels she does not need it, and she absolutely will not burden her children with having to care for her.Cultural use of Alternative Therapies G. E. sometimes uses home remedies when she is ill. When she was a child her mother would use some vapor rub then put a sock around G. E. ’s neck. G. E. ’s mother would feed her chicken soup and give her juice or hot tea to drink, and keep her in bed. G. E. believes that healing and curing are the same and believes that praying, following the doctors orders, getting recommended treatments and taking prescribed medications brings healing. In the past few years G. E. has used alternative therapies to help with pain and arthritis.She gets acupuncture once a week, a nd sees a massage therapist occasionally. She admits, ten years ago she would have never done these types of alternative therapies, but her daughter is a nurse, and recommended it as an alternative to pain medication. She also admits that it does help, or she would not pay to go, but she feels it does not cure anything. She still has to supplement the pain with medications from time to time. Summary G. E. ’s interview was conducted at her home, and it took about an hour and a half. She would often change the subject, so having to restate questions happened often.She felt comfortable being in her home answering these questions, but often asked why an assessment of this type was so important. She has no issues with cultural sensitivity, or nurses being culturally competent, and has had little experience with other cultures. G. E. does not understand the need for such learning. Her views are ethnocentric, and at 84 years old, that will probably not change. During the interview, both open-ended and close-ended questions were used to gain the most information. She was very open to doing the interview, but stated she did not think she had much to contribute.She states she has lived a wonderful, privileged life with a loving husband, and a great family. She has never been disappointed by her family and is extremely proud of them. The only regret she has, has to do with her sister. They lived about five properties apart from each other, and some land next to her sister that G. E. owned, her sister planted a garden there for years. Well, G. E. gave the property to her daughter and son in-law to build a home. Her sister got extremely upset, which ended up with their families not talking for years. Then she received word that her sister was diagnosed with breast cancer, and G.E. called her up, and they reconciled. Unfortunately, she died shortly after that. G. E. has never gotten over that. Because of that, she is continually telling her family not to bicker over the small stuff, and that one’s family is all one has, and the people who love them the most in this world. Even though G. E. will not openly express pain to anyone except her doctor, the rest of her family will openly talk about any illness they have or pain they are experiencing. This is something she practically requires of them. She says it is like â€Å"do as I say, not as I do†.This goes back to her not wanting to be a burden on anyone, yet she has to know that her family is alright. It is perfectly fine for her family to be a burden on her, because to her it is not a burden. She sees it as her responsibility. She states that her family always tells her she will never be a burden, but she is too stubborn to listen to them. She is the mother and she knows best. She says her family jokes to her that they are 50 something year old adults, yet they still feel like children when they are around her and have to do what their mother says or there will be trouble. She fi nds this very amusing.She does not believe in cremation and plans to be buried alongside her husband. She has all of her final arrangements already planned and paid for, again, as not to burden her family. Many members of her family plan to be cremated and she cannot understand why. She believes one’s soul will not go to heaven if the body is cremated. There were no communication barriers while interviewing G. E. It was a very easy and pleasant interview. G. E. enjoyed talking about her heritage and family. G. E. is a very active and healthy woman for her 84 years, and she cannot wait until she can reunite with her husband in Heaven.She prays to her husband every night. Personal Reflection Writing a cultural assessment about someone from a different generation was very interesting for me. While some of the information I received during the interview was similar to my own personal beliefs, most were not. Being two generations younger than G. E. makes a huge difference in certa in beliefs. My mother is 100% Swedish and my father was a Vietnam veteran who is 50% German, with some English, French and more German. Growing up, my family did not follow any ethnic traditions and had no heritage related beliefs other than being American.We were a middle class family and as a child I thoroughly enjoyed life. I have one younger sister, and we, for the most part, were spoiled. I think that has to do with having baby boomers for parents. We took dance classes and I was a gymnast through junior high school. We had a whole neighborhood of other children our age. We were outside from morning until evening, especially in the summer. Both of my parents worked and provided us with whatever we needed. My parents made me attend Sunday school every week until I was about 12. After that, I attended church only a few times a year. Religion does not play a big role in my culture.Even at Sunday school, it did not make much sense to me, but I was too young really understand. My pa rents and grandparents always had a strong work ethic and I also do as a result. My parents wanted me to be my own person and choose my own path as long as it was an honest path. I live within a mile from my parents and from my sister so we see each other frequently. My parents help out my husband and me with our children. I have two sons and a daughter who are ages three, four, and six. One thing that differs from G. E. and me is that I like to know about the past as well as the present and future.One thing that we agree on is that we see our doctor regularly and rely on the latest in medical technology and medications. When we are both ill, we tend to use the same methods to take care of ourselves. However, I am not one to hide any pain or illness I have from my family; when I am sick or in pain, everyone knows about it. Also, the way we in which we raise our children is different. G. E. raised her children in a loving, but more strict, manner. I do not raise my children in such a strict manner. I raise them like my parents raised me. They are very different styles, but I do not know that one is better than the other.They both have positive and negative parts to them. In G. E. ’s generation the woman usually stayed home to take care of the family. In my generation I feel many women enjoy getting an education and usually find it a necessity to work outside of the home. I know I would enjoy the best of both worlds, to contribute to the family income, yet limiting my work outside the home to part time until the children are older. One thing about religion I also learned was how important it was to G. E. Other than her family, her religion was most important to her life, which is very different from me.As I stated earlier, religion has virtually no importance in my life. Also, I do not consider myself to be ethnocentric. I have yet to meet a person whose religion, culture, ethnicity, or heritage shocked or bothered me. As long as I do not feel that I am b eing pushed into one belief or another, I am fine. Everyone needs to find the path that makes one happy, healthy, and whole. I want to be a nurse because I like people. I feel I can make a difference in this career by letting my patients know that I genuinely care for their well-being and want them to lead the best possible life they can.I have been a Certified Nursing Assistant for the last 6 years and I enjoy it. I think by becoming a nurse I can do even more to help them. It is an awful experience to go to see the doctor, and feel like cattle being shipped in and out of the office at record speed. I like the thought of, as nurses, we take a holistic approach to healing that I feel doctor’s lack. Patients need to feel they can openly discuss their problems and that someone is actually listening to them and taking time to talk about it with them without judgment or prejudice; to come up with a plan of care that suits everyone involved, as much as possible.I realize since I d o work in a hospital that there will not always be a happy ending. Some patients can be difficult to care for, but as a nurse, I need to understand that they are there because they are ill, which has an effect on their personality and mental status. I must have empathy for them, as difficult as that may be sometimes. I know that when I am not feeling well, my personality changes, as does everyone’s. I feel the issues I need to work on most is the language barriers when they arise, and patient’s family dynamics. The diverse and often complex dynamics of a patient’s family is extremely difficult to understand.It will take time to develop a way to handle these often difficult situations. No family has the same relationship, so as a nurse I must go in prepared for anything, and keep an open, non-judgmental frame of mind while performing a cultural assessment on the patient. Writing this paper has made me even more sensitive to people’s cultural differences. N o matter what background one comes from, most people essentially want similar things when it comes to healthcare. One wants to be seen as an individual, rather than a number. We want compassionate care. We want to be listened to. We want to get well. We do not want to be judged or belittled.We want to be understood and we do not want to be dismissed as just another â€Å"crazy patient†. Nobody reacts well to negativity especially when there is no need to be. These are the things I must keep in mind while doing cultural assessments in the future. References Alexopoulos Y. (2007). Illness, Culture, and Caring: Impact on Patients, Families, and Nurses. In Chitty, K. K. & Black, B. P. (Ed. ), Professional nursing concepts & challenges (5th ed. , pp. 237-269). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders. Baxter, A. (2001). In search of your German roots, A complete guide to tracing your ancestors in the Germanic areas of Europe (4th ed. . A. Baxter (Ed. ), Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publ ishing. Carter R. (2008). Cultural competence: Cultural care. In Jarvis, C. (Ed. ), Physical examination & health assessment (5th ed. , pp. 35-53). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders. Downing J. (2008). Understanding each other: Communication and culture. In Riley, J. B. (Ed. ), Communication in nursing (6th ed. , pp. 46-62). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby. Santos S. (2004). In Fuller, B. & Vossmeyer G. (Ed. ) Cultures of the world, Germany (2nd ed. ). Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish.

Shame And The Consequences Of The Scarlet Letter Essay

Hawthorne artfully demonstrates the difference between external and internal portrayals of shame and the consequences of both, by using the characters of Hester Prynne and the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. By examining Hester and Dimmesdale’s way of dealing with the repercussions of their indiscretion and analyzing Benjamin Kilborne’s critique Shame Conflicts and Tragedies in The Scarlet Letter, one can see if, or by what measure, if either Hester’s or Dimmesdale’s shame is worse than the other. I believe Dimmesdale’s internal battle with his shame is far worse than Hester’s outward shame because it is â€Å"unbearable,† as mentioned by Kilborne. An interesting idea brought up by Kilborne is how both Hester and Dimmesdale personify their sin. He questions why Dimmesdale is forced into seclusion from shame as it reaches to the depths of his soul if Hester is able to embrace her sin and shame and hold them up as realities. Before looking at this more closely, the way people perceive shame is an important factor. Kilborne mentions, â€Å"In this context, shame can be a fundamental reaction to (and a defense against) â€Å"wrong feelings,† or being helpless in the face of the intensity of feelings, or being flooded by feelings one cannot understand. In addition to these shameful ego-ideal conflicts, the fear of the intensity of feelings itself generates shame, which then produces defenses against shame as an affect whose intensity is threatening.† To put what he said in relation to theShow MoreRelatedSin, Guilt, And The Consequences Of Silence902 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Consequences of Silence Throughout the history of literature, both American and foreign, a common theme that authors incorporate into their work is the nature and consequences of sin and the weighty, lingering feeling of guilt. The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an example of this type of work. 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In fact he felt so guilty about receiving no punishment while Hester was cursed with the letter that he â€Å"inflicted a hideous torture on himself† by carving the letter A into his own chest (Hawthorne 176). He has also had to endure much from Roger ChillingsworthRead MorePearl Symbolism In The Scarlet Letter718 Words   |  3 Pagesmessages in the book. In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne symbolism is quite evident throughout the text. In the case of Pearl, Hesters Daughter, she symbolizes many things in the text. Pearl forces Hester to deal with her sin and learn to cope with the consequences she faces resulting from what she did. Pearl helps send the message of the importance of forgiveness and consequences. She symbolizes the sin that Hester has committed and the shame Hester has to face. Pearl also symbolizesRead MoreGuilt And Shame In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1401 Words   |  6 PagesGuilt and shame, we all know these emotions, they put your stomach in knots, a burning feeling in your face, and make your hands shake as you shrink deep into yourself. Guilt and shame influence your decisions, perspective, and even your physical state after a prolonged period of time. Nathaniel Hawthornes T he Scarlet Letter excellently represents the effect these emotions have on a person. The Scarlet Letter, which is set in 1644 Puritan Boston, dabbles with sin, guilt, and redemption through theRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scarlet Letter â€Å"A† In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the â€Å"A† is much more than a tattered patch of crimson with loose gold stitchery. As the years pass, the Puritanical society associates Hester Prynne’s identity with the embattled patch from an â€Å"adulteress,† to a woman who’s â€Å"able,† and finally, into an â€Å"angel.† Hester is a fallen woman in the beginning as she is publically shamed and shunned, causing her to suffer greatly. She internally struggles to comprehend the letter’s symbolicRead MoreReaders Response of ‘Scarlet Letter’864 Words   |  4 PagesReaders Response of ‘Scarlet Letter’ Despite the declination in the personal and societal standards of morality in the past century, it is still evident today that a universal standard of ethics does indeed exist in every civilization. Likewise, these communities administer consequences upon those who fail to meet up to those principles. The severity of the punishment inflicted rests solely on the offender, the offense and the society itself. For Hester Prynne, the penalty for fornication

Who Is Abused On Organ Sales - 1449 Words

Who Is Exploited In Organ Sales? Two and a half million people passed away in 2013 and less than 20% of those people donated their organs (www.organdonor.gov). More people should donate their organs when they are deceased. As far as the issue being fixed, more people need to be educated on organ donation and how they can save a life with their own organs, especially when they are deceased. The cause of all the people on the waiting list for an organ is because of the massive amount of transplants needed and not enough organs available for the recipients, so they end up passing while waiting to be treated. This is because not enough people know about donating organs. Those that do know about it have the idea that the seller would be exploited and the buyer would come out with the advantage. Organ transplantation is needed when someone is in the final stages of organ failure. People are dying waiting for a transplant because not many of the people in America know about donating an organ. Taking the proper steps towards the legalization of organs may help the amount of people dying on the waiting list (www.organdonor.gov). In America each day 79 people receive organ transplants and an average of 18 people die each day on the waiting list due to the massive amount of recipients in need and not enough organs to go around, a person in need of a transplant is added to the waiting list every 10 min that approximately 144 a day, of that only 79 are being helped a day with anShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Across the Globe Essay1118 Words   |  5 Pagesand because of their commercial exploitation. In many countries, young women are being kidnapped and subjected to human trafficking for the intention of forced labor, sexual slavery and removal of body parts such as organs and tissues, as well as surrogates or ova removal. Young women who are needed for enforced work are being traded across continents. Forced labor is a generic term for those work relations, in which people are employed against their will by the threat of destitution, detention, violenceRead MoreSteroids : Sports And Steroids1169 Words   |  5 PagesSteroid abuse has been associated with cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. These heart problems can even happen to athletes under the age of thirty. The major systems and organs most likely to be affected by the action of steroids are the liver, nervous system, cardiovascular system, sex organs, and the immune system. Side effects of taking steroids may act to change the size of the skull because of effects on bone metabolism. Steroids can lead to high blood pressure on increasedRead MoreThe Issue of Human Trafficking1116 Words   |  5 Pages19th century when people used others to do their labor in exchange for shelter and food. 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Gattaca Is A Dystopian Society - 1330 Words

At first look, the world of Gattaca seems like a Utopia. Their development in genetic modification is so advanced that illnesses such as cancer, Alzheimer’s, and other diseases or disorders based upon genetics are greatly reduced, if not eliminated altogether. Endeavors like the Olympics or other athletic competitions would be pushed to entirely new heights as the athletes are literally designed to surpass our current limitations. Science could be advanced even further as the modifications allowed newborns to have a far greater chance of developing intelligence on the higher end of the IQ scale. Each piece of progress that is shown in the movie has incredible potential to save and improve millions of lives. Unfortunately, the great†¦show more content†¦Different skin color does not indicate ability, but genes do. A person s genetic code is a limit. He can work hard to improve himself as best he can, but the law of diminishing returns means that eventually those efforts will max out. Everyone has a built in peak that they cannot surpass, but not all peaks are the same. If two people work equally hard to complete a task, both with the same worth ethic, the same tactics, and the same resources, then the one with the greater natural abilities will generally be the one who is more successful. This makes the division that exists in the world of Gattaca more of a product of the ‘god babies’, or those who are born naturally with generally inferior peaks. Since some people are born with the modifications and others without, there exists a natural gap between the two that is widened through the common practice of hiring the best person for the job. The modified people take all of the more skilled, higher paying jobs simply because they are the people best suited for them. This leaves behind the less desirable occupations for god’s children, the minimum wage, menial jobs that are needed to keep society functioning. The i nability of these people to move up in the world naturally separates them, until they become the lower class just by default. This situation appears to have been going on for so long that the new upper class doesn t even consider it strange that the naturally born people have beenShow MoreRelatedFarenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine1243 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolving around science and technology, usually conveying the dystopian alternative future context, the pessimistic resultant of society. Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and Andrew Niccols Gattaca (1997) both explore the values and concerns of human existence. Despite the difference in context, Gattaca and Fahrenheit 451 both extrapolate the relationship between man and machine in a metaphorical sense. Both pose similar dystopian concepts of a machine like world. 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The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood illustrates the nature of society as far from ideal, and the destructive nature of oppression. Similarly, Gattaca by Andrew Niccol epitomises the characteristics of a dystopian text, by highlighting the subversion of naturalRead MoreGattaca and 1984 Insight968 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Sisti April 26th, 2010 ENG 4U1 Literary Insight Paper After reading the novel 1984 and watching the movie Gattaca, I was able to perceive many concepts and similarities and differences between both pieces of art. Gattaca, directed by Andrew Niccol, shows a story of a society where life is controlled by genetics, rather than education or experiences. Based on your DNA, society determines where you belong, and your future. This allows no room for people to gain experiences and to grow, as theyRead MoreEssay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesfilm Gattaca is a dystopian film directed by Andrew Niccol which is released in 1997. 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Applied Business Research for Star Gold Coast- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theApplied Business Research for Star Gold Coast. Answer: Introduction Organizational Background The organization which is selected for the study will be Star Gold Coast. This is completely a new hotel which is not yet developed. This is a six star and 17 storey hotel. The property should be including 50 luxury suites, a butler service for all the guests and a rooftop bar and restaurant having an adjacent terrace for dining outside. The top floor is suspended 67 metres above the ground level should be an infinity pool which will have an extension of 5 metres beyond the side of the tower (Kietzmann et al., 2011). This tower will be offering excellent views across the ocean. The new tower which will be developed should be representing the existing 5 star hotel in the resort. The five star hotel which is already there has around 598 rooms along with the new luxury swimming pool which is offering the groups private bungalows and cabanas. Problem Stated It is obvious that for developing and starting a new business in any sector is a bit difficult in this 21st century. With the high rise in competition in any filed or industry and the rapid fluctuations in the external environment is influencing negatively for any business to be started and competing with the existing businesses as well. The market environment is very much complex and there are various types of challenges to be introduced and evaluated for any new business to become successful in this tough marketing conditions. The hospitality industry is booming in the market as there is high demand for the hotels and the restaurants to be taken place (Kietzmann et al., 2011). For the new business to be successful in this market the hotel organizations are not doing proper marketing efforts for the marketing of their products and services which they will be offering to the customers. With the rise of technology and the rapid use of internet to be taking place, 70 percent of the hot els in this world are very much relied on the old marketing concepts and traditional marketing practices. Due to the poor marketing efforts and the traditional marketing practices, there is always a problem for the brand recognition as well the sales of the new hotels within the hospitality industry. It is obvious that the capital investment and the cost structure is also a problem for the new hotel to be able to become successful in this market conditions. The new hotel needs to be using conventional and modern marketing practices in order to have a hold in this competitive market. Importance of topic and its justification This research is based on the identification and evaluation of the challenges to be faced by the new business for entering and having strong position in this hospitality industry or market. The importance of this topic is that how the new business will be successful in this hospitality market ad what are the strategies they need to be developed in order to compete with the existing and branded hotels operating within the hospitality sector as well (Kietzmann et al., 2011). In this study it is came to be known about the branding and the different techniques which the new business will be implementing in order to become successful. Scope of the review This topic will be discussing about branding, social and digital media as the techniques for the marketing for the new business. This includes how cost is an important factor for the new business to be successful, advertisement. It should discuss on conventional and new marketing techniques and the relationships with other brands. It excludes from discussion the internal environment of the new hotel, customer satisfaction and ways of influencing customer satisfaction levels (Kietzmann et al., 2011). Literature Review Branding Branding is a very important and essential term to be used in business and especially for the new business to be able to become successful in this competitive market environment. The brand and branding are complex terms but they are somewhat different from each other. The brand is the way the customer will be perceived. The brand is basically a promise which the organizations make it to their customers. According to American Marketing Association branding is the tool by which there is a commitment and loyalty to be developed among the customers regarding the products or services which they should be using it. Branding is nothing but a symbol or the identity for the customers to perceive the products and services given by that specific organization only. Branding develops trust and respect for the products and services which the organization will be offering it to the customers. It is seen that with the increase in the competition people in this world have lesser time to look for many options and their selection becomes narrow (Powers et al., 2012). There are rise of infinite choices for the customers to be taken place and this makes them not be connected emotionally and loyalty gets disrupted for them as well. The new business should need to have constant efforts in developing their business as a brand. The hotel organizations who are in the way of making their business a brand can be able to differentiate easily from their competitors existing in the market as well. According to Bampo et al., (2008) branding brings in some of the advantages which might make the new business to be sustainable in the future. Branding will provide flexibility and enhances the credibility of any business. Branding will help in making new business to be much more established and provides stability in the business. Branding for a new business helps in understanding the perceptions and the needs of the customers who are involved in hotel business. Advertisement According to Wedel Kamakura, (2012) the advertisement is defined as above the line promotional technique which is used by most of the business organizations belonging to any sector. The advertisement takes up lot of expenses for any business organizations so for advertising to be selected as the medium of making the business successful in the market, they need to spend a lot of money over it. It is not quite possible for the new business to advertise their products and services or a regular basis as they do not have the high expenses and capital to be invested on the marketing. Advertising is an essential tool for the active promotion of the products and services as this will help in connect 6the customers emotionally and psychologically as well. Advertising is also important in recognising and the evaluation of a brand which will make the new business to be successful in the market. Berthon et al., (2012) argued that branding is not that easy to be made for new business against the existing businesses which has taken its high size and shape in the hospitality sector. So it is obvious that for a new business to be able to compete and become successful in the market need to do comprehensive and innovative advertisements for connecting with the customers properly and for bringing stability in the new business as well. Cost The costing and control is also important factor in making the new business to become successful in the market. The costing is always an important issue and there is the development of an effective planning to be developed for preparing a budget for the new business to become feasible in this tough marketing environment. There is the need of effective and comprehensive budget planning to be developed by the individual having high experience in the finance profession. According to Ahmed Rafiq, (2013) costing and control is linked with each other and there is always a balance to be developed between cost and control for the success of a new business. New marketing techniques According to McDaniel Gates, (2013) it is the need for the new business to adopt new marketing techniques by which they can develop branding and be able to promote their products and services effectively to the targeted customers. The new business should also keep on eye of the budget for the marketing they would be doing so that they can be able to distribute their investments i9n other activities as well so that the operations and stability could be able to develop. According to Tiago Verssimo, (2014) referrals could be one of the most important and new technique which is used by the new business for develop branding and for developing a network. Webinar is another new form of marketing method. In a webinar a seminar will take place online. There is the presentation and demonstration of the overall business activities as well the other activities to be introduced for the new business to have its mark in this market as well. The next could be the polls where the audience views and opinions are analysed so that the new business will have an idea of their targeted customers preferences and perceptions. Conventional Techniques According to Ahmed Rafiq, (2013) the conventional marketing techniques could be the traditional marketing practices which have not been used by the organizations operating in this globalized world now. The conventional marketing techniques will be involving the print media including the advertisements at the newspapers, billboards, flyers as well as leaflets. There are other forms which include the radio and TV commercials for the promotion of the products and services. Social Media and Digital According to Stephen, (2016) the email marketing is said to be the co0rbnerstione of the digital marketing. In email marketing there is the need of capturing the contacts information for the additional marketing to be done. This helps in connecting and developing leads for the new business to be able to cope in this market. According to McDaniel Gates, (2013) content marketing is the other digital method of marketing. In the content marketing, this is said to be the process by which the individual and attractive content to be generated for attracting the target audience. In accordance with Stephen, (2016) the social media also has a great influence in the marketing of the products and services for the new business. The social media marketing will be involving the Facebook advertising where there are ads which are digitally produced are given on Facebook. These ads will help in attracting the targeting audience and for analysing their online behaviour. Relationship with other brands It is useful that for the new business to be successful and for competing with the other brands, they emend to develop an alternative strategy. The strategy is that the new business should be able to develop strong and healthy relationships with the other brands (McDaniel Gates, 2013).This should help in making the new business to get the attention of the target audience. Conclusion It is evident from the study that there is the need of the effective and comprehensive marketing practices which should be useful in the success of the new business in this market. It is evident that with the high rise in the competition and the continous fluctuations in the external environment, the new hotel business is under immense pressure for coping as well as for developing the brand in this market. It is seen that the most of the new businesses are not been able to stray on their marketing efforts and cost is an important factor for the new business to make new and proper marketing efforts for the business. This is concluded that technology and the internet is a useful medium for the new business for not been able to indulge and develop its power and might as they could not be able to use the internet and the technology effectively. The capital has been the predominant factor here which is actually making the new business to become vulnerable if not sourced and guided properl y. It is evident from the study that the new business need to spend so much of time in using and developing the modern marketing practices so that it should be implemented as well. The study concludes that digital and social media marketing is said to be the best possible and widely accepted marketing practice which the new business should incorporate. This will help in attracting the customers and for getting the perception of the online behaviour of the customers as well. References Ahmed, P. K., Rafiq, M. (2013).Internal marketing. Routledge. Bampo, M., Ewing, M. T., Mather, D. R., Stewart, D., Wallace, M. (2008). The effects of the social structure of digital networks on viral marketing performance.Information systems research,19(3), 273-290. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Burns, A. C., Bush, R. F., Sinha, N. (2014).Marketing research(Vol. 7). Boston, MA, USA: Pearson. Fosdick, M. A. G. G. I. E. (2012). The globalization of social media: Consumer relationships with brands evolve in the digital space.Strategic Direction,28(6). Guy, B. S. (2013). The marketing of altruistic causes: understanding why people help.Journal of Services Marketing. Jrvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H., Jayawardhena, C. (2012). DIGITAL AND SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING USAGE IN B2B INDUSTRIAL SECTION.Marketing Management Journal,22(2). Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media.Business horizons,54(3), 241-251. McDaniel, C., Gates, R. (2013).Marketing research. Singapore. Powers, T., Advincula, D., Austin, M. S., Graiko, S., Snyder, J. (2012). Digital and social media in the purchase decision process: A special report from the Advertising Research Foundation.Journal of advertising research,52(4), 479-489. Pulizzi, J. (2014).Epic content marketing: How to tell a different story, break through the clutter, and win more customers by marketing less(p. 5). McGraw-Hill Education. Safko, L. (2010).The social media bible: tactics, tools, and strategies for business success. John Wiley Sons. Stephen, A. T. (2016). The role of digital and social media marketing in consumer behavior.Current Opinion in Psychology,10, 17-21. Stokes, R. (2011).eMarketing: The essential guide to digital marketing. Quirk eMarketing. Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., Verssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), 703-708. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media.

Kennedy And Lincoln Assassinations Essay Example For Students

Kennedy And Lincoln Assassinations Essay Adolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator of Germany during World War II, once said,The bigger the lie, the more people will believe it. Although thismay sound ludicrous, we can see many example of this in the worlds history. Oneexample would have to be the John Fitzgerald Kennedys assassination. For overthirty years the people of the United States were led to believe that a singlegunman shot and killed Kennedy in Dallas on November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. Maybe they were wrong. According to the old facts regarding the case of the JFKassassination, a single gunman killed Kennedy. On November 22, 1963, at 12:30p.m. CST (Central Standard Time), Kennedy was riding in an open limousinethrough Dallas, Texas. At this time, Kennedy was shot in the head and neck by asniper. He was then taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounceddead. Later, police arrested Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, at anearby theater. By the next morning, Oswald was booked for the murder ofPresident John F. Kennedy. Two days later, Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub ownerkilled Oswald while he was being moved from the city to the county jail. At aglance, the above story sounds as if this should be an open-and-shut case. Afterall, according to the facts above, Oswald must have killed Kennedy. However, youmust take a closer look at this case. Many people who witnessed the murder ofJohn F. Kennedy dispute the facts above, saying that they heard shots fr omplaces besides the book depository and other things that may contradict what isstated above. One of these witnesses, Abraham Zapruder, captured the entireassassination on his Bell and Howell eight-millimeter movie camera. This movie,cleverly called the Zapruder Film, is the single best piece of visual evidencein this case. In order to clearly understand the Zapruder Film, it is necessaryto break it down into frames. The particular Bell and Howell movie camera thatZapruder was using ran at eighteen and three-hundredths (18.3) frames persecond. When using this frame system, you must remember that all shots wereactually fired several frames before the number that is assigned to them. Forexample, the fatal heard wound, called Z313, was probably fired at Z310, sinceit took 2-3 frames at 18.3 frames per second for the bullet to reach the victim. Also, you must remember that sound travels at about one thousand-one hundred(1,100) feet per second, or a little over half as fast as the MannlicherCarcanos bullets. When keeping this in mind, it is expected that witnessesheard the shot at some point after the bullet passed. The following shows abreak down of the frames of the Zapruder film: The Presidential limousinefirst comes into view at frame 133 (the starting point of this timeline.) Thefirst shot at (or just before) Z187 would have passed through both GovernorConnally and the President. The second shot, which passed above the limousineat Z284, missed the President and hit the curb near witness James Tague. Thiscaused his minor wound. At Z313, the fatal shot occurs, which blew out majorportions of the Presidents brain and skull. A fourth shot occurred at Z323(slightly 1/2 second after the fatal wound at Z313). Due to the proximity ofthis report to the one at Z313, as well as its more distant origin, mostwitnesses were unab le to hear this shot. Thus, the above is when the bullets hiteither Kennedy or Connally, or passed through the frames of the Zapruder film(in the case of the second shot). Of the one-hundred seventy-eight (178)witnesses at Dealey Plaza, one-hundred thirty-two (132) said that they heardexactly three shots. If Oswald was a single gunman, it would have taken him atleast 2.3 seconds to reload his Mannlicher Carcano rifle. However, the generalconsensus of the witnesses is that they heard a single shot, followed bysilence, with the second and third shots bunched together. For example, LeeBowers, one of the witnesses, testified, I heard three shots, one, then aslight pause, then two very close together. Also, Warren W. Taylor, aSecret Service agent, said, As a matter of course, I opened the door andprepared to get out of the car. In the instant that my left foot touched theground, I heard two more bangs and realized that they must be gun shots.Lastly, when Miss Willis, a witness, was asked if she heard any shots, shetestified, Yes; I heard one. Then there was a little bit of time, and thenthere were two real fast bullets together. When the first one hit, well, thePresident turned from waving to the people, and he grabbed his throat, and hekind of slumped forward, and then I couldnt tell where the second shotwent. Thus, it would have been impossible for one gunman to fire a shotwith the Mannlicher Carcano rifle, reload, fire again, and fire again in a veryshort amount of time in order to make the shots sound close together. Also, whenthe fatal shot hit Kennedy, his head went back and to the left, implying thatthe bullet came from the front and right, not from the back. Although manypeople dispute the single bullet theory, this may be true. To understand why,you must understand the trajectory of the bullet and the angles involved. Thebullet, if fired from the Texas School Book Depository, should have hit Kennedyat a 21 degree angle, and, in fact, it did. Also, Presiden t Kennedy was sittingnearly six inches above the level of Connallys seat. Thus, when the bullet leftthe President, it hit Connally, who was turned 15-20 degrees. When the bullethit Connally, the hole in his back was 5/8 inches wide by 1/4 inches high, ormore than twice as wide as tall. This means that the bullet was partially turnedsideways when it entered Connallys back. Thus, the bullet must have hitsomething before it hit Connally. Also, the bottom of the bullet that was foundwas broken open and was extruding tiny particles of lead. X-rays taken atParkland showed precisely that type of particle embedded in the Governors wristand thigh wounds. However, even if the single bullet theory is true, it in noway lessens the fact that there could have been multiple gunmen, and there mayhave been a conspiracy. (The magic bullet is thought to be bulletone on the Zapruder film.) Lastly, one has to consider what the biggest motiveswould be to kill the President. One motive has to deal with Pr esident Kennedytrying to get out of Vietnam. This war was the biggest business in America atthe time. It brought in over eighty billion dollars a year. Thus, since thePresident was trying to get out of the war, he would have been costingbusinessmen a lot of money. Also, Vice-president Johnson would have profited alot because he was the next to become president. Thus, people, including thevice-president, had motives to kill the President. As you can see, the killingof John F. Kennedy was more so a conspiracy than a single gunman. There is noway that a single gunman could have fired all the bullets that hit Kennedy andConnally in that short period of time. Also, since Kennedys head went back andto the left, the bullet must have been fired from the front and right ofKennedy. This shows that there was another gunman, which makes this aconspiracy. Someday, it would be nice if the truth is revealed about who firedthe bullets, and how many gunmen there actually were. Until then, people lik e mewill bite our nails trying to figure out what actually happened. .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 , .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .postImageUrl , .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 , .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:hover , .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:visited , .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:active { border:0!important; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:active , .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24 .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02cd899cc6b51100c33cc1d28889af24:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Amelia Earhart (898 words) EssayBibliography1. Harris, Robert. The Assassination of President John F. KennedyAReassessment of Original Testimony and Evidence. 2. Harris, Robert. The Single Bullet TheoryA Question of Probability. 3. Newman, John. Oswald and the CIA. Carroll and Graf Publishers, Inc. New York1995. 4. Summers, Anthony. Conspiracy. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York:1981. 5. JFK Directed by Oliver Stone. Warner Bros., Inc. 1991. Footnotes: 1From the courtroom scene in Oliver Stones JFK. 2From TheAssassination of President John F. KennedyA Reassessment of Original Testimonyand Evidence, at http://www.thuntek.net/~rharris/1.html 3 From, TheAssassination of President John F. Kennedy: A Reassessment of Original Testimonyand Evidence, at http://www.thuntek.net/~rharris/1.html. From, TheAssassination of President John F. Kennedy: A Reassessment of Original Testimonyand Evidence, at http:///www.thuntek.net/~rharris/1.html.